Voters can indicate preference order. Count first eliminates lowest-ranked candidate and apportions that candidate's votes to remaining candidates. Count then eliminates lowest-ranked candidate and apportions that candidate's votes to remaining candidates, and so on, until only one candidate remains {instant-runoff voting} (IRV).
Candidate or proposition can win with the most votes {plurality voting}, even with no majority. Allowing plurality voting tends to merge parties, and voters tend to avoid extremes, so outcomes tend toward middle.
Number of representatives for a group can depend on group vote percentage {proportional representation}. This method allows more extremes, such as fringe parties. Under proportional representation, small groups that vote together usually have more power than large disorganized groups.
In one voting round, people assign rank, from 1 to candidate number, to all candidates {rank-order voting} {Borda count}. Winner has the most points. Because it is numerical, it can violate the neutrality principle.
Voting methods can first decide between two choices {successive procedure}, then decide between winner and third choice, then decide between winner and fourth choice, and so on. Final winner wins.
In one voting round, people list preference order among candidates {true majority rule} {simple majority rule}. Winner has won all one-on-one contests.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225